Please choose  from the categories below
Cuneiform Signs

Analysis and reports to support an international standard for computer encoding of the Cuneiform writing system

Research on the development of Cuneiform signs

 
Confirmation of Distinctions Made Already by Labat
 

Labat's Manuel d'Épigraphie Akkadienne (revised version of Florence Malbran-Labat) makes a number of distinctions with horizontal dashed lines in the leftmost two columns dividing what otherwise appear as single entries between the solid horizontal lines, to which Labat assigns only a single sign number. For those not habituated to Labat, we should add the reminder that the horizontal dashed lines in the rightmost three columns are doing something completely different, dividing geographically or culturally between Assyrian and Babylonian scribal traditions.

Labat's distinctions made by these left-column horizontal dashed lines are almost universally confirmed by other sources and additional information. Here is a list of those distinctions, in Labat's order. Labat's numbers are marked with "L", Fara LAK numbers with "F". Some of the distinctions marked below are trivial to assyriologists, everyone knows them. And some are obvious even in later cuneiform typography, no one would ever think they were the same, there is simply an oddity in Labat's numbering. The aim here is simply to summarize the specific limited distinctions noted already by Labat. Obviously many more distinctions than these are documentable.

***

L010 GIR2 F006
L010 GIR2.gunu F007

L049x F597 vs. F648, distinguish URU x A, URU x MIN, and other

L050 USH F058b
L051 USH x KUR F059
L051 USH x KID2 F060

L058a KU4 F208
L058b SHU x SHE F207a, F141
L058c TU F211
L058d GUR8 F382

L060a PUSH2 F042
L060b BULUG3 F230
L060c E x PAP F137
L060d MUNU4 --

L063a KAD2 (orig. SHU.tenu ?)
L063c KAD3 (orig. SHU.tenu ?) --
L063d KID2
compare F282?

L069a BAD F016
L069b TIL F017
L069c IDIM (F004 ? Krebernik suggestion)
      (also, I did not find Steinkeller's argument convincing
       that this last distinction did not exist in archaic,
       though surely it was in process of disappearing)

L071 SHIR F023, ZATU #526a
L--- NU11 F024
L071a SHIR.gunu F--- ZATU #526b

L074 BAR F752
L074b MASH F042

L074x ??

L088 KAB F147
L574 HUB2 F474 (distinctions made by Labat in this way are mostly not listed here, as Labat already had clear distinctions in sign numbers)

L095a DIM x SHE F055
L095b DIM x KUR F056

L104a SA F731
L104b ASHGAB F346

L105a GAN2 F89
L105b KAR2 ("GAN2.tenu") F186

L143a GAN F644
L143b KAM2 F---

Does the sign name SHIR3 work to single out any of the following as opposed to others?
L152 EZEN F617
L152a EZEN (simpler) F611
L152b EZEN "gunu" F612
L152c (SHE over SHE plus) LAGAB F215c
L152d (SHE over SHE plus) A F215
L152e (SHE over SHE plus) [plain] F215b

L164?

L166?

L168
L168 "gunu"

L202a DU x KASKAL F485a
L202b DU $e$$ig F485b (F487?)
A possible distinction, to analyze further later

L207 TUM
L207a TUM with "hashing" ("gunu") F494

L209 EGIR F496
L209a EGIR "gunu" F499

L215 SHIM F655 (F654?)
L215b "gunu" SHIM "gunu" F660

L225/6 BAPPIR F659
L225/6 "gunu"

L228a KIB F276
L228b KIB F278

L295 PA F121
L295(x) BANMIN F830 (a number sign)

Can the sign name KISHIB work to single out one of the following, perhaps MEZ "gunu" ?
L314c MEZ F605
L314c MEZ "gunu" F607
L314a SANGA, SHID F711
L314b PISAN2 F712

L319 GA F726
L319x GAR2 (distinction based on archaic form; matches elsewhere?)

L350a '10 BUR' F858 (and old ligatures in F824, F845)
vs. F808a, F808b

L354 SHU F139
L354b KAD4 F---
L354c KAD5 F173

L375a NIDABA F209 (and variant ? F286)
L375b TIR F204
L375d MUNU8 F---

L393a ERIM F280
L393b ZALAG2 F???

L396a HI F359
L396b SHAR2 F825 = F844 = F859 (?F809?) (a number sign)

L398a AH F367
L398c GUDU4 F368

The following a complex split and merger, but all three must be distinguished. The first two are distinguished early, the second and third are distinguished after the early period.
L411a U F821 = F840 (L & F equivalent only as a number sign)
L411b (archaic only) > later L411 U (not a number sign)
L411b (archaic only) > later L545 SHU2 F385

L424a AB2 x SHA3 F404
L424b SHEM3 = AB2 x KAR2 F---

L441 two variants anciently, merged? as UL = U x GUD F300, F299?

L444 complex relations to sort out, later

L455 IGI.DIB F432, 433
L455b IGI.?? F434

L459 DUL F302
L459a DU6 F302
(a possible distinction, do the readings have different signs?)

L484a LAGAB + AN F768, F769
     (AN merged with last vertical wedge of LAGAB)
L484b LAGAB x AN F773 (AN infixed)
Are these two variants or distinct signs? Usage distinctions?

Krebernik makes this six-way distinction for Fara texts, while LAK distinguishes fewer. So the "Krebernik" numbers given here are the same as the Fara LAK numbers with my added "a" and "b":
L536a KU F791a (Krebernik)
L536a DUR2 F791b (Krebernik)
L536b NAM2 F792a (Krebernik)
L536b TUG2 F792b (Krebernik)
L536c SHE3 F794a (Krebernik)
L536c ZI3 F794b (Krebernik)
L536d ?? additional distinction next page?

L537a LU, UDU F775
L537b LAGAB x PA (F724=) F780

L546a KESH3
L546 EN2 F753, F356 (?)

L555a SAL x (comb) F519
L555b SAL x (falling hair) F520, F524 (?)
The "comb" and "falling hair" are given to help distinguish the shapes.
Whether they are correct etymologically or not is here irrelevant.

L556 NIN (two variants?) F522

L586 ZA vs. L586 the number 4 LIMMU

L595(g) TUN3 F667
L595 "gunu" GIN2 F666 (F786?)
These last two may need further analysis.